The Liver Function test measures a range of parameters, as listed below:
Bilirubin : Bilirubin is a yellow pigment in the bile produced from the breakdown of dead red blood cells. Its levels can fluctuate in liver disease. The bilirubin test measures the following parameters:
Indirect bilirubin is the water-insoluble bilirubin that enters the liver. The liver converts this to water-soluble direct bilirubin, which is moved out to the intestine for excretion. Total bilirubin comprises both direct and indirect bilirubin.
Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT/SGPT) : ALT is an enzyme found in muscles, heart, and kidneys but is mainly seen in the liver. High ALT levels may be a sign of liver inflammation, injury, or disease.
Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST/SGOT) : AST is also an enzyme associated with liver health. Increased AST levels may be a sign of liver damage, cirrhosis (liver scarring), or advanced liver disease.
Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP) : ALP is an enzyme found in organs such as the liver, bones, intestines, and kidneys. ALP assesses many medical conditions, including liver problems.
Gamma Glutamyl Transferase (GGT) : GGT is an enzyme found in the liver and bile ducts as well as other body tissues. High GGT levels may indicate liver or bile duct damage.
AST/ALT Ratio : The SGOT/SGPT ratio, or AST/ALT ratio, is often more informative than individual enzyme values in diagnosing liver disease.
Total Protein : The total protein test estimates the blood levels of two major proteins made by the liver, albumin and globulin. Fluctuations in protein levels may signify liver, kidney, or gastric problems.
A/G Ratio : Albumin is the major protein synthesized by the liver and helps transport substances like medicines and hormones throughout the body. Globulin helps transport nutrients and fight infections. The A/G ratio helps in diagnosing liver and kidney disease, and nutritional problems, as well as certain cancers, genetic disorders, and immune diseases.